Originaire d’Amérique, la Chenille Légionnaire d’Automne (CLA) est la larve du papillon Spodoptera frugiperda. Se nourrissant essentiellement de limbe des feuilles, elle ravage déjà de multiples plantations en Afrique sub-saharienne.
La chenille détruit les jeunes plants de maïs, de sorgho, le chou, la canne à sucre, la tomate, la pomme de terre, l’arachide, l’oignon, le coton et peut atteindre plus de 100 cultures. L’espèce contribue à ce jour au faible rendement des récoltes dans les pays chauds, toujours enclin à la famine.
En effet, la CLA est obstinée par l’immigration à l’âge adulte (papillon). Elle peut parcourir en une nuit plus de 100km. Ce qui explique sa forte capacité de nuisance. D’où lors de son passage, deux types de dégâts sont remarqués : le ralentissement de la croissance de la plante ou sa mort si la plante est jeune ; la perte de la valeur commerciale de la plante (cas des légumes dont les feuilles sont grignotées).
Selon l’écotoxicologue au Comité Inter-Etats des Pesticides de l’Afrique Centrale (CPAC), docteur Léonard Ngamo Tinkeu, la Chenille Légionnaire d’Automne est présente en Afrique depuis 2015 et se multiplie à grande vitesse, sans contrainte. En 2017, sa présence a été affirmée au Cameroun après qu’une perte énorme en culture de maïs a été constatée. Elle est signalée en 2018 au Congo, au Tchad, tout comme en République Centrafricaine.
Le désastre que cause la CLA sur les productions agricoles doit interpeller la conscience de tous, à commencer par les pouvoirs publics. Puisque lutter contre son invasion n’est pas chose aisée. D’autant plus que les conditions climatiques en Afrique lui sont favorables pour une reproduction sans frein. Contrairement sur sa terre d’origine où l’hiver ne facilite pas sa croissance rapide (diapause à l’état chrysalide).
Face au réchauffement climatique, la survie de la Chenille Légionnaire d’Automne semble être garantie. Sauf si une riposte commune est entreprise pour assurer sa totale élimination.
D’ores et déjà, une application mobile a été lancée par l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’agriculture et l’alimentation (FAO) pour détecter rapidement la présence de la chenille légionnaire d’automne (CLA) en Afrique.
Cela permettra aux agriculteurs et autres travailleurs opérant dans les zones infestées par la CLA de rendre compte des niveaux d’infestation, de cartographier sa propagation et d’identifier ses ennemis naturels.
 est la larve du papillon Spodoptera frugiperda. Se nourrissant essentiellement de limbe des feuilles, elle ravage déjà de multiples plantations en Afrique sub-saharienne.){kind=link}
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